It is also linked to higher rates of vaping and tobacco smoking.
However, neighbourhoods with parks, supermarkets, fruit and vegetable shops and gyms, classed as 鈥渉ealth promoting鈥 environmental features, are linked to better physical health for their residents.
Dr Hobbs says the new geospatial study, recently published in is an extension of his previous research showing that characteristics of the nearby environment influence mental health.
鈥淭he results of our latest study show that where Kiwi adults live has an impact on their physical and mental health and their behaviour. It鈥檚 also one of the first to show that the environment makes a difference to chances of vaping and smoking.
鈥淲e found that people who live in areas close to things like alcohol outlets, gambling venues, dairies and fast food shops were more likely to have type 2 diabetes, a higher body mass index (BMI) and be smokers or vapers. They also had higher levels of anxiety, depression and psychological distress.
鈥淧eople living in areas with green spaces, physical activity venues and supermarkets, were more likely to have better physical health, with lower BMI and lower rates of type 2 diabetes.鈥
He says the results confirm previous findings but now also show a clear link between living environments and physical and mental health. He believes they should help inform city planning policy and decision-making.
鈥淐learly, this should not happen based on this study alone, but there鈥檚 a wealth of evidence that shows the local environment is related to both your physical and mental health.
鈥淲e need a new overarching strategy and legislation from the Government to support planning rules that promote better societal health in our towns and cities and reduce health inequities.
鈥淭his is particularly important with the growing prevalence of physical and mental health problems in Aotearoa New Zealand. In addition, things like fast food outlets and liquor stores are more often located in deprived areas.
鈥淚 think our city planners can work together with public health to start thinking more about creating healthy neighbourhoods. This is already happening in the United Kingdom where there is some local regulation limiting the number of fast food outlets or liquor stores you can have in an area, for instance.鈥
Dr Hobbs and his team used a newly developed Healthy Location Index (LHI) to identify and map health-promoting and health-constraining features in neighbourhoods around the country.
This environmental data was related to self-reported health behaviours, such as smoking tobacco and vaping, mental health outcomes including depression, anxiety and psychological distress and physical health outcomes, using a nationally representative survey of adults living across the different regions in the New 茄子视频app官网Attitudes and Values Survey.
Dr Hobbs is a Director of the at the 茄子视频app官网 which carries out applied research in medical and health geography.
